Mauzolej

Mauzolej je veliki i impresivni grob, obično izgrađen za umrlog vođu ili neku drugu značajniju osobu. Ime je dobio po grobu kralja Mauzola, koji se nalazio u centru Halikarnasa, današnjeg Bodruma u Turskoj. Zbog svoje je veličine i znamenitosti smatran jednim od sedam svetskih čuda, a po njemu su kasnije monumentalne grobnice nazvane mauzolejima. Grob kralja Mauzola u Halikarnasu građen je polovinom 4. veka pne. Bio je visok 50 metara i sastojao se od visokog kvadratnog postolja (sokla) na kome su bili postavljeni jonski stubovi obrazujući prostranu halu. Iznad nje se nalazio krov u vidu piramide koja je bila završena grupom figura. Na reljefnom frizu radili su najpoznatiji savremenici - vajari Skopas, Leohares, Brijaksis i Timoteos. Mauzolej je za vreme jednog zemljotresa potpuno uništen, a jedan opis je nađen kod Plinija Starijeg. Friz, kao i jedna statua nalaze se u Britanskom muzeju u Londonu.

Poznati mauzoleji

Turska

Iran

  • Mauzolej Kira Velikog u Pasargadu

Irak

  • Džamija i mauzolej Imama Alija u Nadžafu

Indija

Pakistan

  • Mazar e Kvaid, mauzolej osnivača Pakistana, Muhameda Ali Džine u Karačiju

Kina

  • Mauzolej prvog kineskog cara Ćin Š’ huanga, u Sjianu (poznat po vojnicima od terakote)
  • Mauzolej Mao Ce-tung u Pekingu
  • Mauzolej Sun Jat Sena u Nankingu

Vijetnam

  • Mauzolej Ho Ši Mina u Hanoju

Uzbekistan

SAD

Kuba

  • Mauzolej Ernesta Če Gevare u Santa Klari

Jamajka

  • Mauzolej Boba Marlija

Nemačka

  • Mauzolej Ota fon Bizmarka u Zaksenvaldu


Italija

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  • Avgustov mauzolej u Rimu
  • Hadrijanov mauzolej (danas: Tvrđava anđela) u Rimu
  • Teodorikov mauzolej u Raveni
  • Mauzolej Gala Placidija u Raveni

Hrvatska

  • Mauzolej Ivana Meštrovića u selu Otavice kod Drniša

Srbija

  • Mauzolej na Oplencu je mauzolej kraljevske porodice Karađorđević
  • Kuća cveća u Beogradu (grob Josipa Broza Tita)

Crna Gora

  • Njegošev mauzolej na Lovćenu

Češka

  • Mauzolej Klementa Gotvalda u Pragu

Rusija

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