Britanski Dom komuna

Dom komuna (engleski: House of Commons) je donji dom Parlamenta Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva. Parlament se također sastoji od suverena i gornjeg doma, Doma lordova; Dom komuna je danas najvažniji od svih tih delova Parlemanta. Dom komuna je demokratski izabrano tijelo, koje se trenutno sastoji od 646 članova, poznatih po engleskoj kratici MP (Member of Parliament, "Član parlamenta". Članovi se biraju po većinskom izbornom sistemu, te sjede u Parlamentu dok on ne bude raspušten (najduže pet godina nakon sazivanja). Svaki član parlamenta je izabran u izbornom okrugu (constituency) kojeg predstavlja. Dom komuna daje većinu ministara i sve premijere od 1902. godine, s jedinim izuzetkom Sir Alec Douglas-Homea godine 1963. (Home je zapravo bio članom Doma komuna, s obzirom da je preuzeo mjesto ubrzo nakon što je izabran za premijera).

Dom komuna se razvio u 14. vijeku te kontinuirano postoji do današnjeg dana. Dom komuna ("Donji dom") je imao daleko manje političke moći nego Dom lordova ("Gornji dom"), ali danas uvjerljivo dominira Parlamentom. Zakonodavne ovlasti Doma komuna nadmašuju ovlasti Doma lordova; temeljem Zakona o Parlamentu iz 1911. godine, ovlasti Lordova da odbacuju većinu zakonskih prijedloga se svela na odgađanje zakonskih prijedloga na najviše godinu dana od dana usvajanja u Domu komuna. Nadalje, Vlada Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva odgovara isključivo Domu komuna; premijer ostaje na dužnosti samo dotle dok uživa podršku donjeg doma (ne računajući teorijsku mogućnost smjene od strane monarha).

Puni formalni naziv Doma komuna je Časni ljudi Komuna Ujedinjenog kraljevstva Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske okupljeni u Parlamentu (engleski The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled). Engleski izraz "Commons" dolazi iz normansko-francuske riječi communes, što se odnosi na geografske i druge zajednice zastupnika u Parlamentu. Često se pogrešno misli da izraz "Commons" dolazi od riječi za pučane ("commoners"), odnosno da se time označava da Dom predstavlja obične ljude, na isti način na koji "Dom lordova" označava predstavničko tijelo za perove. Ovo objašnjenje, međutim, nema historijsku osnovu. Oba doma, Komune i Lordovi, sastaju se u Westminsterskoj palači. Oba Doma su se u prošlosti okupljala na različitim mjestima, a i danas na to imaju pravo, pod uvjetom da im je pri ruci Mlat.

Izvor informacija za Dom komuna je Biblioteka Doma komuna.

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UK Youth Parliament
3 December 2012
On Friday 23rd November 2012, we debated 5 issues, chosen by over 250,000 young people, within the House of Commons. Find out more on our website.
Katherine M.
3 October 2014
My friend Amy says, "You might be able to observe a House of Commons debate in session. If you've ever seen it on CSPAN, the way they debate in England is highly entertaining."
Londonist
19 April 2012
Try and sneak a look at what's under the books on the central table. We hear there's a very lewd piece of graffiti scratched into the surface, involving a former Prime Minister and genitalia.
Natasha 'Tashster' Brassington
They don't allow you to sit down on the green benches :( However you might be able to get away with a sneaky sliding hand across the back of a front bench, the upholstery feels good.
British Youth Council
24 January 2013
We were here today in support of MPs debating on whether young people aged 16 and 17 should be allowed to vote. MPs then voted 119 to 46 in favour of a motion backing votes at 16.
British Youth Council
18 August 2012
On Thursday 14th June, Child Poverty Action Group and the British Youth Council launched a report about Free School Meal Entitlement 'Going Hungry?'
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